Reading Time: 5 minutesImmunocompetence declines with age as immune cell metabolism becomes less adaptive. Spermidine, NAD+, senolytics, and emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems may restore immunometabolic health and reverse age-associated senescence.

Reading Time: 5 minutesEach strain in a probiotic exerts a specific effect on the microbiome. A recent study compared three formulations — and found that combining more strains doesn’t always mean greater impact on diversity, bile acids, or SCFA production.

Reading Time: 4 minutesAcute brain injury destabilizes the gut microbiome, shifting toward pro-inflammatory species and disrupting metabolites. A leaky intestinal barrier feeds back through the gut-brain axis to compound neurological damage.